A panopticon is a kind of prison building designed by English philosopher and social theorist Jeremy Bentham in 1785. The design allowed the guards to observe prisoners.
In contemporary society advances in photographic technology have transformed contemporary social spaces into a giant panopticon. Secret or discretely positioned cameras, the instantaneous transmission of images to remote screens, and digital archiving now mean that our behaviour can be continuously observed via multiple points of access.
Surveillance - close observation, especially of a suspected spy or criminal. (OED online)
Surveillance relates to and extends acts of observation. For example, we might observe someone in the process of caring for them. In contrast surveillance is motivated by suspicion.
“Surveillance pictures are voyeuristic in anticipation, seeking deviance from what is there”.
Voyeur - a person who gains sexual pleasure from watching others when they are naked or engaged in sexual activity. (OED online).
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